@Article{ShahHaiMolAbdBat:2021:CoMoD,
               author = "Shah, Siddhi Y. and Haider, S. A. and Molina-Cuberos, G. J. and 
                         Abdu, Mangalathayil Ali and Batista, Inez Staciarini",
          affiliation = "{Physical Research Laboratory} and {Physical Research Laboratory} 
                         and {University of Murcia} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)}",
                title = "A coupled model of the D and E regions of Mars' ionosphere for 
                         flare and non-flare electron density profiles",
              journal = "Icarus",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "361",
                pages = "e114403",
                month = "June",
             abstract = "Solar X-ray flare responses in the E region of Mars' ionosphere 
                         were observed from Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) on 6 April 2001 and 
                         17 March 2003. We have developed a coupled model for the 
                         calculation of Ionospheric Electron Content (IEC), flare and 
                         non-flare electron density profiles due to impact of X-rays (0.590 
                         Å) and Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) in the D and E regions of Mars' 
                         ionosphere simultaneously. In the non-flare profile the D layer is 
                         produced at 25 km due to impact of GCR and hard X-rays (0.53 Å) 
                         with electron densities 1.0 × 102 cm\−3 and 8 × 102 
                         cm\−3 respectively while E layer is produced at 100110 km 
                         with electron density ~ 45 × 104 cm\−3 due to impact of 
                         soft X-rays (390 Å). The D flare peak is produced at 30 km with 
                         electron density ~ 24 × 104 cm\−3. The E flare peak is 
                         produced at 100 km with electron density 12 × 105 cm\−3. 
                         The predicted flare E-peak density is higher by a factor of ~2 
                         than the measurements carried out by MGS. The D peak density of 
                         flare profile is larger by 12 orders of magnitude than that 
                         produced for non-flare profiles. Our model suggests that hard 
                         X-ray is a major source of the D layer in the Martian 
                         ionosphere.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114403",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114403",
                 issn = "0019-1035",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "shah_coupled.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "09 maio 2024"
}